Male Infertility
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Male Infertility
Infertility is a problem with your reproductive system that stops you from impregnating a female. If a male and a female have repeated unprotected sexual relation for over a year and the female doesn’t get pregnant then you, she, or both of you may have infertility issues.
Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. Illnesses, injuries, chronic health problems, lifestyle choices and other factors may contribute to male infertility.The inability to conceive a child can be stressful and frustrating, but a number of treatments are available for male infertility.
Diagnosis
Many infertile couples have more than one cause of infertility, so it’s likely you will both need to see a doctor. It might take a number of tests to determine the cause of infertility. In some cases, a cause is never identified.
Diagnosing male infertility problems usually involves:
General physical examination and medical history
This includes examining your genitals and asking questions about any inherited conditions, chronic health problems, illnesses, injuries or surgeries that could affect fertility.
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Semen analysis
Semen analysis is a routine lab test. It helps show the level of sperm production and whether sperm are functioning well (e.g., are moving, measured as sperm motility). The test is most often done at least twice, if sperm numbers are abnormal. Semen is collected by having you masturbate into a sterile cup. The semen sample is studied. It can be checked for things that help or hurt conception (fertilization).
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Scrotal ultrasound
This test uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images inside your body. A scrotal ultrasound can help your doctor see if there is a varicocele or other problems in the testicles and supporting structures.
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Transrectal ultrasound
A small, lubricated wand is inserted into your rectum. It allows your doctor to check your prostate and look for blockages of the tubes that carry semen.
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Hormone testing
Hormones produced by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and testicles play a key role in sexual development and sperm production. Abnormalities in other hormonal or organ systems might also contribute to infertility. A blood test measures the level of testosterone and other hormones.
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Genetic tests
When sperm concentration is extremely low, there could be a genetic cause. A blood test can reveal whether there are subtle changes in the Y chromosome — signs of a genetic abnormality. Genetic testing might be ordered to diagnose various congenital or inherited syndromes.
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Testicular biopsy
This test involves removing samples from the testicle with a needle. If the results of the testicular biopsy show that sperm production is normal your problem is likely caused by a blockage or another problem with sperm transport.
Treatment
Often, an exact cause of infertility can’t be found. Even if an exact cause isn’t clear, your doctor might be able to recommend treatments or procedures that will lead to conception.
In cases of infertility, it’s recommended that the female partner also be checked. There may be specific treatments recommended for your partner. Or, you may learn that proceeding with assisted reproductive techniques is appropriate in your situation.
Treatments for male infertility include:
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Surgery
For example, a varicocele can often be surgically corrected or an obstructed vas deferens repaired. Prior vasectomies can be reversed. In cases where no sperm are present in the ejaculate, sperm can often be retrieved directly from the testicles or epididymis using sperm retrieval techniques
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Treating infections
Antibiotic treatment might cure an infection of the reproductive tract, but doesn’t always restore fertility.
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Treatments for sexual intercourse problems
Medication or counselling can help improve fertility in conditions such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation
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Hormone treatments and medications
Your doctor might recommend hormone replacement or medications in cases where infertility is caused by high or low levels of certain hormones or problems with the way the body uses hormones
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Assisted reproductive technology
If infertility treatment fails or isn’t available, there are ways to get pregnant without sexual intercourse. These methods are called assisted reproductive techniques. Based on the specific type of infertility and the cause, your health care provider may suggest
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Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
For IUI, your health care provider places the sperm into the female partner’s uterus through a tube. IUI is often good for low sperm count and movement problems, retrograde ejaculation, and other causes of infertility.
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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
IVF is when the egg of a female partner or is joined with sperm in a lab Petri dish. For IVF, the ovaries must be stimulated to produce multiple eggs (ova). This is often done with drugs given as daily injections. It allows many mature eggs to be retrieved. After 3 to 5 days of growth, the fertilized egg (embryo) is put back into the uterus. IVF can be used to treat many hormone conditions in women, for women with blocked tubes, or idiopathic infertility (where there is no cause that explains the fertility problem). But it’s being used more and more in cases where the man has very severe and untreatable oligospermia (low sperm count).
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Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
ICSI is a variation of IVF. It has revolutionized treatment of severe male infertility. It lets couples thought infertile get pregnant. A single sperm is injected into the egg with a tiny needle. Once the egg is fertilized, it’s put in the female partner’s uterus. Your health care provider may use ICSI if you have very poor semen quality. It is also used if you have no sperm in the semen caused by a block or testicular failure that can’t be fixed. Sperm may also be taken from the testicles or epididymis by surgery for this method.
Frequently Asked
Questions
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How common is male infertility?
Findings show that male infertility is just as common as female infertility. Overall, one-third of infertility cases are caused by male reproductive issues, one-third by female reproductive issues, and one-third by both male and female reproductive issues or by unknown factors.
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What are symptoms of male infertility?
Some signs include an inability to ejaculate or a small volume of seminal fluid being released upon ejaculation. Red or pink semen can indicate blood is present. Pain, swelling or a lump in the testicular or genital area can also indicate a health issue. If a man has experienced blunt force trauma to the genitals or undergone cancer treatment, it is best to seek a medical evaluation prior to trying to conceive.
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What common factors hurt male fertility?
Excess weight can cause hormone imbalances, which can decrease sperm quality. Smoking cigarettes and can also damage sperm quality, as can drinking excessively. Contrary to popular belief, hot tubs, cell phones and laptops do not cause male fertility, but excess heat around the genitals doesn’t help. This includes cycling for several hours at a time.
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What can a man do to boost fertility?
Semen health can rapidly improve by maintaining a healthy BMI, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, drinking in moderation and taking vitamin supplements. Taking a daily multivitamin can boost sperm health: Zinc increases sperm count and function, Folic Acid can reduce sperm abnormalities, Vitamin C boosts sperm motility, and Vitamin D assists in healthy sperm development and libido. But before taking any Vitamins or supplement consult with your doctor first
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DoctorDr. Osama Jaber has over 20 years of experience as a consultant urologist.
Meet The Doctor
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Dr. Osama Jaber
MEDICAL DIRECTOR
CONSULTANT UROLOGIST
GERMAN BOARD OF UROLOGY (FACHARZT)Dr. Osama Jaber studied medicine in Germany, where he received his Doctor of Medicine title on June 13, 1997, then spent the next 6 years specializing in the field of urology and successfully obtained the title of “Facharzt” (Consultant) on March 22, 2003 by the Westfalen-lippe Medical Association Public Body in Munster Germany.
His professional career steadily developed starting as an assistant physician at the Ministry of Justice Hospital in Fröndenberg, Germany then in St.Elisabeth Hospital in Iserlohn, then Urologist Physician Facharzt in Marien Hospital Erwitte, Germany where he acted as operator and surgeon in practically all important small and medium standard urological surgeries.
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